歡迎來到未來之都：航空城 I

好久沒更新了，最近總是忙東忙西不知道在幹嘛囧。

今天來看一篇跟都市發展有關的文章，

（老實說自從高中畢業後就把這些東西忘光了）

文中提到未來的大都市可能會隨機場興起而興起，

所以買房最好選在機場附近，五年十年後大概就翻倍了顆顆

好，廢話不多說，直接來看文章的前三段吧！

原文參見：http://www.huffingtonpost.com/john-d-kasarda/aerotropolis-city-future_b_7269152.html

作者：約翰D.卡薩爾達（John D. Kasarda）

Welcome to Aerotropolis, the City of the Future

歡迎來到未來之都：航空城

發佈時間：05/13/2015 10:55 am EDT，更新時間：05/13/2015 1:59 pm EDT

BANGKOK -- Transportation infrastructure has always shaped the evolution and economic position of cities. First, our major cities largely grew around seaports. Next, urban development took place along rivers that formed the backbones of the industrial revolutions in Europe and the United States. Railroads opened up landlocked interiors of nations, fostering a third wave of city growth outward from their main terminals. Then, the expansion of suburban roadway systems created a fourth wave of urban development.

曼谷電訊---交通建設一直象徵著城市的進化和經濟地位。最初，主要的大城市都圍繞著海港發展。接著，在歐洲和美國，都市就沿著形成工業革命骨架的河流發展。而後，鐵路打通了各國內陸，迎來第三波都市成長，由內向外擴張。再來呢，郊區公路系統開啟了第四波都市發展。

We are now well into a fifth wave of transit-oriented development, where large commercial airports have become significant drivers of business location and urban economic growth. In some cases, airports are relocating the metropolitan center: their surrounding areas attract major concentrations of business functions previously confined to metropolitan downtowns. For instance, four of the Fortune 500 world headquarters (and eight of the Fortune 1,000 world headquarters) are located in Las Colinas, Texas, a suburb of Irving just east of Dallas airport.

我們現在正處於第五波都市發展，是由交通中轉為導向的；大型商業機場已大大影響商業發展的地點和都市經濟成長。在某些情況下，機場甚至改變了大城市市中心地點：它們（機場）的周圍環境，吸引了原本受限於大都市市區的主要商業機能。比如說，《財富雜誌》的世界500大公司總部中，有4家（另《財富雜誌》世界1000大有8家）坐落於德州拉斯柯林納斯（Las Colinas）郊區，正好就在達拉斯機場東邊的厄文（Irving）。

The Dulles airport region in Washington, DC, meanwhile, possesses the second largest retail market in the U.S. (just behind Manhattan). Hong Kong International Airport, Seoul's Incheon and Memphis International are leading air cargo and logistics centers, with the first two airports sustaining, respectively, Hong Kong Disneyland and New Songdo International Business District, a sizable airport edge city built from scratch over the last ten years.

Aviation and airports are creating new urban power centers in the Middle East and Asia, challenging the likes of Frankfurt, London, New York and Tokyo in capturing global business. So instrumental is air connectivity to the growth of the commercial, financial, leisure and logistics sectors of Dubai and Singapore that both places may be legitimately described as global aviation hubs with city-states attached. They have, in fact, become full-fledged aerotropolises.

But what, exactly, is an aerotropolis and why has it become such an important 21st-century urban entity?

同時，華盛頓特區的杜勒斯機場鄰區，正好坐擁美國第二大零售商場（僅次於曼哈頓）。香港國際機場、首爾的仁川機場和孟斐斯國際機場都是世界前幾大航運物流中心；前兩者分別維持香港迪士尼樂園和新松島國際商務區運作，而該商務區僅建立十年，現已成為大規模的航空邊境城。航空發展和機場正為中亞、亞洲帶來新的都市中心，威脅法蘭克福、倫敦、紐約和東京等國際商業重鎮。所以說，航空發展促進了杜拜和新加坡商業、經濟、休息娛樂和物流部門的成長，而這兩國大可說是由國際航運中心衍生而來的城市國家。杜拜和新加玻，事實上都已是蓬勃發展的航空城。但是，航空城究竟是什麼？為何會是21世紀重要的都市型態？